Following its initial announcement on April 23, Yahoo! will today close down its GeoCities free hosting service and delete all GeoCities files from their servers. Existing members are being encouraged to move their sites to the commercial Yahoo! Web Hosting service, and GeoCities Plus customers will be able to upgrade to Yahoo! Web Hosting at no extra charge.

Not all traces of GeoCities will disappear after today — Yahoo! states that existing GeoCities email addresses will continue to work, and the Internet Archive has been working to archive as many sites as possible before GeoCities closes today.

Free hosting services have always been attractive to fraudsters, and the speculation over the profitably of GeoCities may not have been the only reason for today's closure — nearly all of the phishing attacks hosted on geocities.com this month were actually targeted against its owner, Yahoo!. Although Yahoo! stopped accepting new registrations on April 23, the number of phishing attacks hosted at geocities.com has seen a surge in October. Of the 930 confirmed phishing sites hosted at GeoCities in 2009, 143 of these were reported this month.

Today's closure will no doubt inconvenience some fraudsters, but other free hosting services are available, and indeed, plenty of these are already used to host phishing sites.

More than 10 million websites were found running F5 BIG-IP devices, in our most recent Web Server Survey. F5's BIG-IP product family uses the TMOS platform to provide a modular approach to traffic management, and several distinct modules are available for tasks such as load balancing, SSL acceleration and fast caching.

4.26% of all websites and around 3.8% of the top million sites are now served by F5 BIG-IP devices. Facebook, Bank of America and Adobe are among the sites with the largest amount of traffic using F5 BIG-IP.

F5 BIG-IP is particularly prominent in the United Kingdom, where it is used to serve 13.8% of all websites in the country; however, it is only found on 0.42% of the web-facing computers in the UK. This exemplifies a common BIG-IP deployment, where a large number of websites can be hosted by a relatively small number of frontend devices.

Google has made a bolder move into web application hosting, unveiling the preview release of its Google App Engine service.

The Google App Engine allows developers to build web applications on the same systems that power other Google applications, affording good scalability without needing to worry about infrastructure. For those who are familiar with the Python programming language, Google App Engine offers far greater flexibility than Google's existing free hosting service, Google Pages.

In contrast to Amazon's EC2 service, which now offers scalable hosting through Elastic IP Addresses and Availability Zones, Google App Engine allows developers to get started with its service for free. Google's site claims that every Google App Engine application can use up to 500MB of storage and enough bandwidth and CPU for 5 million monthly page views.

With Amazon's recent offering of low-cost web application hosting, and now Google's free web application hosting, the conventional web hosting industry may be set to see some radical changes. With both services providing high scalability, yet without adding complexity, these could be seen as an attractive alternative to setting up a busy website on dedicated servers. Conversely, they are less likely to appeal to casual website owners, simply because the services require more knowledge and skill to use than simpler services such as Google Pages, Blogger or Apple iWeb.

The account registrations for the current preview release are limited to the first 10,000 developers, and only free accounts are available. Up to three applications can be created with a single Google App Engine account, and a number of applications have already been developed and are available at appgallery.appspot.com.

Google App Engine currently allows developers to write applications using Python 2.5, with some modules disabled for security reasons. A number of Python web frameworks will work on Google App Engine, and Django is included with the SDK for convenience.

Applications written for Google App Engine are not permitted to write to disk; instead, all data is stored in the Google App Engine datastore. A language called GQL uses SQL-like syntax to interface with the datastore. Scalability is achieved by using the Bigtable distributed storage system for structured data. The same storage system is used by a number of other popular Google projects, including web indexing, Google Earth and Google Finance.

The Google App Engine team have set up a new blog for the service at googleappengine.blogspot.com

Amazon has made a significant and much bolder step into the web hosting arena, extending its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service by introducing Elastic IP Addresses and Availability Zones.

The Elastic IP Addresses allow Amazon Web Services users to set up static IP addresses, making it easy to host websites, web services and other online applications using Amazon EC2. Users can programmatically map the static IP addresses to any of their instances, making it easy to recover from instance failures.

By default, users are limited to a total of 5 Elastic IP Addresses, although additional IP addresses can be requested from Amazon. To ensure customers use the Elastic IP Addresses associated with their account, a $0.01 per hour charge is applied when each IP is not mapped to an instance.

The Availability Zones feature makes it easy and relatively inexpensive to operate a highly available internet application. Availability Zones are designed to be protected from failures in other Availability Zones, so by spreading an application across several zones, it can be better protected against power failures or network downtime.

This is not Amazon's first foray into web hosting - a number of high profile sites have been working with Amazon's Enterprise Solutions group for a few years, including Marks and Spencer, which signed a deal with Amazon in 2005. Amazon were to provide the technology behind the Marks and Spencer website as well as systems for customer service and ordering.

Other companies that are hosted by Amazon include Timex, Sears Canada and Benefit Cosmetics.

While the complexities of web hosting with Amazon's EC2 platform may appear rather daunting to the majority of web site owners, the service will no doubt appeal to existing owners of dedicated servers who want further scalability or wish to make their sites highly available at a reasonable cost.

Amazon's pricing for the EC2 service depends on a variety of factors. A single default "small" instance, with 1.7GB of memory and 160GB of storage, costs $0.10 per hour to run, with additional charges for data transfer and unused Elastic IP Addresses. An extra large instance costs $0.80 per hour and features 15GB of memory, 1690GB of storage and 4 virtual cores.

Internet data transfer costs depend upon the direction of the data. All data transfered in is charged at $0.10 per GB, while outwards transfers are $0.18 per GB for the first 10TB of data each month, reducing to $0.13 per GB if 50TB is exceeded.

With EC2's bandwidth costs significantly undercutting many hosting companies, Amazon's latest move will be sending shock waves throughout the conventional hosting industry. It will be interesting to see how the use of Elastic IP Addresses grows, as high bandwidth websites - or even entire hosting companies - are tempted to migrate to a cheaper alternative.