Bangladesh is one of the world's largest producers of fish; but lately, its government has also become an inadvertent exporter of phish.

Over the past week, several phishing sites have popped up on Bangladeshi government websites, under the .gov.bd second-level domain. These fraudulent sites have been used in phishing attacks against customers of Wells Fargo bank, Google, AOL, and other email providers.

One of the phishing sites currently using a .gov.bd domain is hosted on a website belonging to the Bandarban Technical Training Center in Bangladesh. The fraudulent content imitates Google Docs in an attempt to steal victims' email credentials, whichever mail providers they use.

Domain name registrations under .gov.bd are restricted to government-related entities in Bangladesh, although it is unlikely that the government is directly responsible for these attacks. As with most phishing sites, the fraudulent content has probably been placed on these government sites by remote hackers; nonetheless, this would make the Bangladesh government at least responsible for poor security.

The vast majority of websites under .gov.bd are hosted within Bangladesh, but the apparently-compromised server involved in these attacks is one of a few that are hosted in the United Kingdom, on a static IP address used by the hosting company Nibs Solutions. No Bangladeshi servers are currently serving phishing sites from .gov.bd domains.

After more than a week since this spate of phishing attacks started appearing on UK-hosted .gov.bd sites, none of the fraudulent content has been removed. The presence of multiple live phishing sites on the affected server, and the fact that the previous compromises have not yet been cleaned up, suggests that whatever security vulnerabilities might have affected the server are yet to be resolved.

Detected just over a week ago, the oldest phishing site in this spate of attacks targets Wells Fargo customers and remains accessible today on the Jessore Technical Training Center website at jessorettc.gov.bd. This training center was established by the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 2004, hence its eligibility to use the .gov.bd domain.

Bangladesh has a relatively small presence on the web, with just over 30,000 websites making use of the entire .bd country code top-level domain. However, the ratio of phishing incidents to sites is quite high at roughly 1 in 100.

Users of the Netcraft anti-phishing extension are already protected from these attacks, including the examples shown above, even though the fraudulent content has not yet been removed by the sites' administrators.

Fraudsters are abusing Facebook's app platform to carry out some remarkably convincing phishing attacks against Facebook users.

A phishing site displayed on the real Facebook website.

Masquerading as a Facebook Page Verification form, this phishing attack leverages Facebook's own trusted TLS certificate that is valid for all facebook.com subdomains. This makes the page appear legitimate, even to many seasoned internet users; however, the verification form is actually served via an iframe from an external site hosted by HostGator. The external website also uses HTTPS to serve the fraudulent content, so no warnings are displayed by the browser.

The phishing attack does not require the victim to be already logged in.

This phishing attack works regardless of whether the victim is already logged in, so there is little chance of a victim being suspicious of being asked to log in twice in immediate succession.

The source code of the phishing content reveals that it sends the stolen credentials directly to the fraudster's website.

To win over anyone who remains slightly suspicious, the phishing site always pretends that the first set of submitted credentials were incorrect. A suspicious user might deliberately submit an incorrect username and password in order to test whether the form is legitimate, and the following error message could make them believe that the credentials really are being checked by Facebook.

The phishing site always pretends the first submitted credentials are incorrect. Note that it now also asks for the victim's date of birth.

Those who were slightly suspicious might then believe it is safe to enter their real username and password. Anyone else who had already entered the correct credentials would probably just think they had made a mistake and try again. After the second attempt, the phishing site will act as if the correct credentials had been submitted:

On the second attempt, the phishing site will ask the victim to wait up to 24 hours.

The final response indicates that the victim will have to wait up to 24 hours for their submission to be approved. Without instant access to the content they were trying to view, the victim will probably carry on doing something else until they receive the promised email notification.

But of course, this email will never arrive. By this point, the fraudster already has the victim's credentials and is just using this tactic to buy himself some time. He can either use the stolen Facebook credentials himself, or sell them to others who might monetize them by posting spam or trying to trick victims' friends into helping them out of trouble by transferring money. If more victims are required, then the compromised accounts could also be used to propagate the attack to thousands of other Facebook users.

Some of Facebook's security settings.

However, Facebook does provide some features that could make these attacks harder to pull off. For example, if login alerts are enabled, the victim will be notified that their account has been logged into from a different location – this might at least make the victim aware that something untoward is going on. Although not enabled by default, users can completely thwart this particular attack by activating Facebook's login approvals feature, which requires a security code to be entered when logging in from unknown browsers. Only the victim will know this code, and so the fraudster will not be able to log in.